This repository contains Lean 4 formalizations of ten major mathematical and theoretical computer science results from OpenAI's 'Ten Advances' paper, including theorems on sphere packing, non-sofic groups, Ramsey numbers, and more.

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2026-08-01

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Why it is worth attention

It turns a set of notable recent advances—several resolving long-standing conjectures—into machine-checkable Lean proofs, making them more accessible to the formal verification community.

Who it is for

  • Mathematicians interested in formal proof verification
  • Theoretical computer scientists working on complexity, coding, and quantum games
  • Lean/mathlib users and formal proof developers
  • Graduate students in mathematics or computer science

Use cases

  • Verifying or exploring machine-checked proofs of major theorems
  • Reusing the formalized lemmas and constructions in new Lean projects
  • Learning how advanced mathematics and TCS results are encoded in Lean
  • Benchmarking proof assistant capabilities on large, diverse formalizations

Strengths

  • Covers ten distinct advanced results across mathematics and TCS in one repository
  • Modular structure: each result has its own Lean file and can be built independently with Lake
  • Uses Lean 4.32.0, mathlib, and a cache command, making setup reproducible
  • Provides Comparator instructions for independent proof checking

Considerations

  • Requires the Lean ecosystem (elan, Lake, mathlib) and some familiarity with Lean tooling to build or inspect
  • The README lists the results but does not provide detailed mathematical explanations or tutorials
  • Formalizations are tied to Lean 4.32.0, so future library or version changes may require adaptation

README quick start

Ten Advances in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

This repository contains Lean 4 formalizations of the results presented in Ten advances in mathematics and theoretical computer science by OpenAI.

The results

  1. High-dimensional sphere packing: Improved asymptotic upper bounds on sphere-packing density, reaching the Cohn–Elkies threshold. (SpherePacking.lean)
  2. Binary and spherical codes: Exponentially stronger upper bounds for binary codes at every minimum distance, together with corresponding bounds for spherical codes. (MetricCodes.lean)
  3. Non-sofic groups: A construction of a non-sofic group, resolving whether every group admits finite permutation approximations. (NonSoficGroup.lean)
  4. Connes’s rigidity conjecture: A counterexample to the conjecture that certain groups are determined by their group von Neumann algebras. (ConnesRigidity.lean, ConnesRigidity/)
  5. Arithmetic circuit complexity: New lower bounds for computing the permanent with arithmetic circuits and formulas, including an $n^4 / \log n$ formula lower bound. (Permanent.lean)
  6. Quantum parallel repetition: Exponential parallel repetition for arbitrary finite, two-player quantum games. (QuantumParallelRepetition.lean)
  7. Closest vector problem: Polynomial-factor hardness of approximation for the closest vector problem, with related consequences for decoding and lattice problems. (GapCVP.lean)
  8. Ehrhart’s volume conjecture: The sharp maximum volume in every dimension for a convex body whose centroid is its only interior lattice point. (EhrhartVolumeInequality.lean)
  9. Multicolor Ramsey numbers: A superexponential lower bound for multicolor triangle Ramsey numbers, resolving Erdős problem 183. (MulticolorTriangleRamsey.lean)
  10. Extremal number conjectures: Counterexamples to the compactness and degenerac

Description

Lean certificates accompanying proofs in mathematics and theoretical computer science

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