FuXi-Ocean provides ONNX-based inference and RMSE evaluation for autoregressive ocean forecasting on HYCOM-format data, accepted as an Oral at NeurIPS 2025.

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2026-06-27

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FR-AI / ANALYSIS

Why it is worth attention

It is an open-source ocean forecasting model accepted as an Oral at NeurIPS 2025, offering a production-ready ONNX inference pipeline for high-resolution global ocean fields.

Who it is for

  • Oceanographers and climate scientists
  • Machine learning researchers in Earth sciences
  • Operational ocean forecasters
  • Data scientists working with geospatial time series

Use cases

  • Global ocean state forecasting at 1/12° resolution
  • Benchmarking ML-based ocean models against HYCOM reanalysis
  • Research on autoregressive deep learning for physical systems
  • Educational demonstration of ONNX deployment for large-scale geoscience

Strengths

  • Accepted as NeurIPS 2025 Oral, indicating strong peer recognition
  • Provides complete inference and evaluation scripts with clear documentation
  • Uses ONNX Runtime for efficient CPU/GPU inference with documented resource requirements
  • Supports autoregressive forecasting over 40 steps at 6-hour intervals

Considerations

  • ONNX weight files are not yet released (planned)
  • Requires 128 GB+ memory and 32 CPU cores for full-resolution runs, limiting accessibility
  • Assumes pre-normalized HYCOM data in a specific Zarr format; no training code provided

README quick start

FuXi-Ocean

Official open-source inference code for FuXi-Ocean.

FuXi-Ocean has been accepted as an Oral presentation at NeurIPS 2025. See the NeurIPS virtual page: https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/loc/san-diego/poster/117603

This repository provides ONNX-based ocean forecasting inference and RMSE evaluation utilities for HYCOM-format ocean data.

Release Plan

  • Inference code
  • Test code
  • ONNX weight files

Repository Layout

.
├── inference_hycom_aim_full.py  # ONNX inference script
├── infer_hycom_full.sh          # Example inference launcher
├── eval_rmse.py                 # RMSE evaluation script
├── run_eval_rmse.sh             # Example evaluation launcher
├── re.txt                       # Python dependencies
└── README.md                    # Project documentation

Environment

Install the Python dependencies:

pip install -r re.txt

Recommended runtime requirements:

  • Python 3.8+
  • 32+ CPU cores for CPU inference
  • 128 GB+ memory for full-resolution HYCOM fields

Inference

inference_hycom_aim_full.py runs autoregressive ONNX inference on normalized HYCOM ocean data.

Arguments

ArgumentTypeDefaultDescription
--inputstrrequiredInput Zarr dataset path
--modelstrrequiredONNX model path
--maskstrrequiredLand-mask NetCDF path
--outputstrrequiredOutput directory
--devicestrcudaONNX Runtime execution provider preference: cuda or cpu
--total_stepint40Number of autoregressive forecast steps
--hour_intervalint6Forecast interval in hours
--start_timestr20150101Inclusive start time
--end_timestr20151230Inclusive end time
--strideint1Stride over candidate initialization windows

Input Data

The expected input is a normalized Zarr dataset with dimensions (time, channel, lat, lon).

Example structure:

hycom.6h.2006_2015.2160_4320.c105/
├── .zarray
├── .zattrs
├── channel/
├── lat/
├── lon/
├── time/
├── data/
├── mean.nc
├── std.nc
└── land_mask.nc

Expected data shape:


Dimensions:  (time: 14044, channel: 105, lat: 2160, lon: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2006-01-01T12:00:00 ... 2015-12-31
  * channel  (channel) 
Coordinates:
  * channel  (chan

Description

Ocean forecasting and RMSE evaluation scripts.

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