A benchmark for evaluating AI agents on static reverse engineering of malware by extracting indicators of compromise from real malware samples.

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Apache-2.0

Last updated

2026-07-29

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FR-AI / ANALYSIS

Why it is worth attention

It provides a standardized, quantitative evaluation of AI agents' ability to recover obfuscated indicators, with ground truth and scoring; includes results from 7 models across 12 tasks.

Who it is for

  • AI security researchers
  • malware analysts and reverse engineers
  • developers of AI agents for cybersecurity
  • benchmark designers and evaluators

Use cases

  • Evaluating AI agent performance on malware reverse engineering
  • Comparing different AI models on a structured security task
  • Training or fine-tuning models to extract IOCs from obfuscated malware
  • Developing automated reverse engineering pipelines

Strengths

  • 12 realistic malware samples provide diverse obfuscation techniques
  • 121 ground-truth indicators allow precise recall scoring
  • 252 runs from 7 models offer comparative baseline data
  • Clear scoring methodology with ground truth JSON and script

Considerations

  • Limited to static analysis only; no dynamic behavior considered
  • Small number of tasks (12) may not cover all malware families
  • Requires substantial compute for running agents on malware samples

README quick start

malware-bench

A static reverse-engineering benchmark. Each task gives an agent one malware sample and a shell, and asks it to recover the indicators of compromise a human analyst would extract - C2 endpoints, file paths, registry keys, mutexes, config IDs - including values hidden behind encoding, encryption, or obfuscation.

12 tasks, 121 ground-truth indicators. The agent writes its findings to /workspace/iocs.json; tests/score.py matches them against tests/ground_truth.json and scores recall. environment/samples/ carries each sample's SHA-256.

runs/ holds 252 runs (7 models × 3 passes × 12 tasks), laid out as runs////. Four runs have no iocs.json — the agent never wrote the file, so there was nothing to score and the run rewards 0.0: BlackByte_Go/qwen3.7-max/pass1, CrystalX_RAT/qwen3.7-max/pass2, SHELBYC2/qwen3.7-max/pass2, Embargo_Encryptor_Rust/qwen3.7-max/pass3.

Read the full article: http://arimlabs.ai/writing/malware-reverse-engineering

Code is Apache-2.0; task data, ground truth, and trajectories are CC-BY-4.0

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